Digging Deeper through Biological Specimens Using Adaptive Optics-Based Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy is a vital tool for visualizing the cellular and sub-cellular structures of biological specimens. However, due to its limited penetration depth, applicability has been hindered. The scattering absorption light by wide array biomolecules causes signal attenuation restricted imaging depth in tissues. Researchers have put forth various approaches address this, including designing novel probes applications introducing adaptive optics (AO) technology. Various techniques, such as direct wavefront sensing quickly detect fix deformation indirect using modal zonal methods rectify complex aberrations, developed through AO paradigms. In addition, algorithmic post-processing without mechanical feedback utilized correct optical patterns matrix-based method. Hence, reliable thick tissue made possible sensorless AO. This review highlights latest advancements AO-based techniques depth-resolved briefly discusses their potential biomedical applications.